Dubé MP, et al. - In this multicenter trial, researchers evaluated inflammation and immune markers in virologically suppressed adults with HIV without diabetes mellitus on stable ART with ≥100/mm³ CD4 cells, during treatment with the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor sitagliptin. They randomized 90 participants to 16 weeks of sitagliptin 100 mg/d or placebo. Evaluable participants comprised 45% non-Hispanic white, 38% non-Hispanic black, 15% Hispanic, median age of 51 years, 83% male, with median CD4 count 602 cells/mm³. Outcomes suggest no influence of 16 weeks of sitagliptin on soluble CD14 levels in virologically suppressed participants with HIV. Sitagliptin led to a significant decline in CXCL10, a chemokine involved in atherogenesis that predicts non-AIDS events during ART. This suggests the potential efficacy of DPP-4 inhibition in reducing cardiovascular morbidity in treated HIV infection.