Chong PL, Laight D, Aspinall RJ., et al. - In patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), researchers sought to examine the impacts of VSL#3® probiotic supplementation on biomarkers of cardiovascular risk and liver injury in this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, proof-of-concept study. For 10 weeks, NAFLD patients were randomly allocated to take 2 sachets VSL#3® probiotic or placebo twice daily. Participants in the study were 35 patients (28 males and 7 females) with a mean age of 57 ± 8 years, BMI of 32.6 ± 5.0 kg/m ² and a relatively short duration of NAFLD (median duration 0.3 IQR 2.0 years). This is the first study to assess the impact of VSL#3® on acoustic structure quantification in patients with NAFLD. In patients with NAFLD, VSL#3® did not significantly improve markers of cardiovascular risk and liver injury. The study does, however, support an association between endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in NAFLD patients and suggests that NAFLD is associated with insulin resistance.