Mackowiak J, et al. - In the study, the medical costs associated with treatments were compared for knee osteoarthritis (OA): intra-articular corticosteroids (ICS) and intra-articular hyaluronic acid (IHA) primarily, and ICS/IHA vs knee arthroplasty (TKA) secondarily. Researchers conducted a retrospective analysis of an insurance claims database. In the analysis, 126,831 were taking monotherapy (IHA=3703, ICS=117,588, TKA = 5540), out of the 260,828 patients who qualified. In the IHA cohort, individuals had lower total medical care costs, fewer adverse outcomes, and lower use/costs of opioids and prescription analgesics vs patients in the ICS and TKA cohorts. For individuals with knee OA, decreasing total medical care costs, and minimizing opioid/analgesic use should be a treatment goal when selecting therapies.