Groenendijk I, Chan R, Woo J, et al. - In this study, the impacts of nutrition plus exercise intervention on serum vitamin B-12 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], bone turnover markers, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations were analyzed in apparently healthy Chinese middle-aged and older adults. A 24-wk randomized controlled trial was designed to include a total of 180 Chinese adults (85 women, mean ± SD age: 61 ± 6 y). Individuals were randomized to receive a fortified milk supplement (2 × 30 g/d) and an exercise program (2 × 1 h/wk including resistance, balance, and aerobic training) or no intervention. The primary endpoint included physical performance. Researchers examined the secondary endpoints including serum vitamin B-12 and 25(OH)D concentrations, assessed at baseline, 12 wk, and 24 wk. They analyzed bone turnover markers and PTH concentrations. Linear mixed models were performed to assess group differences over time. This study's findings demonstrate that a fortified milk supplement and exercise intervention successfully increased vitamin B-12 and 25(OH)D concentrations as well as the balance of bone turnover markers of Chinese middle-aged and older adults.