Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists like semaglutide have proven popular as part of the medical management of obesity. Dramatic weight loss results are common with the use of GLP-1s, but they can also come with side effects, such as nausea, “Ozempic breasts,” and others.

 

 

GLP-1s and the neurobiology of addiction

 

Growing evidence has found that the GLP-1 system is involved in the neurobiology of addictive behaviours, and GLP-1 analogues are now being studied for their potential to curb drug and alcohol cravings.

Leslie M. Hot weight loss drugs tested as addiction treatments. Science. 2023;381(6661):930–931.

 

A number of anecdotal reports have caused researchers to consider this potential for semaglutide and GLP-1 agonists to serve as anti-addictive agents as well as weight-loss agents.

Reardon S. Could new weight-loss drugs like Ozempic treat addiction? Scientific American. July 12, 2023.

In addition to the effects of the GLP-1 system in the pancreas, recent research suggests that GLP-1 acts on other organ systems, including the brain, although it is still unclear whether GLP-1 made in the pancreas enters the brain or whether the effect is generated by GLP-1 produced in the brain itself.

 

 

“In this scenario, the brain sees the drug as a physiological need—much like the need for food—and GLP-1 agonists, such as semaglutide, short-circuit that association,” Patricia Sue Grigson, PhD, one of the Pennsylvania State researchers, noted in an interview with Scientific American.

Reardon S. Could new weight-loss drugs like Ozempic treat addiction? Scientific American. July 12, 2023.

 

 

Anecdotal reports: What Reddit users have to say

 

Currently, reports of the anti-addictive effects of GLP-1 agonists on addictive behaviours such as gambling and alcohol use disorder have been overwhelmingly anecdotal, with some gleaned from comments made by social media users. As one Reddit user (@usofmind) reported in April 2024: “Got prescribed Ozempic, my gambling stopped!”

Reddit. Problem gambling. April 2024.

 

 

Other examples proliferate across social media, providing evidence that GLP-1s have the power to change addictive behaviours—related to food and other addictive substances and habits—but further research is needed.

Fortunately, given both the significance of this potential effect and the surge in popularity of semaglutide drugs, there will no doubt be several trials underway soon. It will be worth staying abreast of the results, especially if GLP-1 agonists are on the path toward a new FDA-approved indication.