Chinese scientists recently reported the key role of histone acetylation-regulated long noncoding RNA termed as lysosome cell death regulator (LCDR) in tumour survival, providing a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for lung cancer.

Led by Prof. GAO Shan from the Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), these scientists revealed that knockdown of the LCDR in lung cancer cells could promote apoptosis. The results of the study were published in 'PNAS'.

Lysosome is involved in cellular homeostasis and its dysregulation has been linked to various human diseases, including cancer. LncRNAs are noncoding RNAs with lengths longer than 200 nucleotides, whose dysregulation is associated with cancer hallmarks. They drive cancer growth and survival by interacting with DNA, RNA, and protein assemblies, including the heterogeneous ribonucleic acid protein (hnRNP) family, which functions as alternative splicing, RNA stability, and translation etc. However, whether lncRNAs and/or hnRNPs are involved in lysosome-mediated cancer survival has not been elucidated.

In this study, LCDR binds to heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) to regulate the stability of lysosomal-associated protein transmembrane 5 (LAPTM5) transcript that maintains the integrity of the lysosomal membrane. According to the researchers, knockdown of LCDR, hnRNP K or LAPTM5 promoted lysosomal membrane permeabilization and lysosomal cell death, thus resulting in apoptosis. LAPTM5 overexpression or cathepsin B inhibitor partially restored the effects of this axis on lysosomal cell death in vitro and in vivo.

Similarly, targeting LCDR significantly decreased tumor growth of patient-derived xenografts of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and led to significant cell death using nanoparticles (NPs)-mediated systematic siRNA delivery. Moreover, LCDR/hnRNP K/LAPTM5 were upregulated in LUAD tissues, and their co-expression showed increased diagnostic value for LUAD. These findings shed light on LCDR/hnRNP K/LAPTM5 as potential therapeutic targets and lysosome targeting is a promising strategy in cancer treatment.