Mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) viruses can remain infectious for several days on surfaces in the household or in hospital rooms, increasing the risk of spread, finds a study.

Since 2022, the monkeypox virus has been transmitted more and more frequently from one human host to another. Infections primarily result from direct physical contact. So far it was not known how long the virus can remain stable on surfaces.

"Smallpox viruses are notorious for their ability to remain infectious in the environment for a very long time," explained Toni Meister from the Department for Molecular and Medical Virology at Ruhr University Bochum. "For monkeypox, however, we didn't know the exact time frames until now," Meister added.

In the paper, published in the Journal of Infectious Diseases, the researchers, therefore, studied them by applying the virus to sanitised stainless steel plates and storing them at different temperatures: at four degrees, at 22 degrees, which roughly corresponds to room temperature, and at 37 degrees.

They determined the amount of infectious virus after different periods of time, ranging from 15 minutes to several days to weeks.

Regardless of the temperature, there was little change in the amount of infectious virus during the first few days. At 22 and 37 degrees, the virus concentration dropped significantly only after five days.

At 37 degrees, no virus capable of reproducing was detected after six to seven days, at 22 degrees it took ten to eleven days until infection was no longer possible. At four degrees, the amount of virus only dropped sharply after 20 days, and after 30 days there was no longer any danger of infection.

"This is consistent with our experience that people can still contract monkeypox from surfaces in the household after almost two weeks," points out Professor Eike Steinmann, Head of the Department for Molecular and Medical Virology.

In order to reduce the risk of infection in the event of an outbreak, it is therefore extremely important to disinfect surfaces. This is why the researchers tested the effectiveness of five common disinfectants.

They found that alcohol-based or aldehyde-based disinfectants reliably reduced the risk of infection. A hydrogen peroxide-based disinfectant, however, didn't inactivate the virus effectively enough in the study.

"Our results support the WHO's recommendation to use alcohol-based surface disinfectants," Meister said.