The Mediterranean diet, which comprises fruits, vegetables and legumes, has long been praised for its numerous health benefits.

Now, research has suggested it may also help in the treatment of infertility, making it a non-invasive and cost-effective method for couples attempting to conceive.

Conducted by Monash University, the University of the Sunshine Coast, and the University of South Australia, the review found that the Mediterranean diet can improve fertility, assisted reproductive technology (ART) success, and sperm quality in men.

Researchers identified that the anti-inflammatory properties of a Mediterranean diet can improve couples' chances of conception. Infertility is a global health concern affecting 48 million couples and 186 million individuals worldwide.

UniSA researcher, Dr Evangeline Mantzioris, said modifying preconception nutrition is a non-invasive and potentially effective means for improving fertility outcomes.

"Deciding to have a baby is one of life's biggest decisions, but if things don't go as planned, it can be very stressful for both partners," Dr Mantzioris said.

"Research shows inflammation can affect fertility for both men and women, affecting sperm quality, menstrual cycles, and implantation. So, in this study we wanted to see how a diet that reduces inflammation - such as the Mediterranean diet - might improve fertility outcomes," she added.

"Encouragingly, we found consistent evidence that by adhering to an anti-inflammatory diet - one that includes lots of polyunsaturated or 'healthy' fats, flavonoids (such as leafy green vegetables), and a limited amount of red and processed meat - we can improve fertility," she added.

The Mediterranean diet is primarily plant-based and includes whole grains, extra virgin olive oil, fruits, vegetables, beans and legumes, nuts, herbs, and spices. Yoghurt, cheese, and lean protein sources such as fish, chicken, or eggs; red and processed meats are only eaten in small amounts.

In comparison, a western diet comprises excessive saturated fats, refined carbohydrates, and animal proteins, making it energy-dense and lacking dietary fibre, vitamins, and minerals. Typically, a western diet is associated with higher levels of inflammation.

Monash University researcher, Simon Alesi, says understanding the association between anti-inflammatory diets such as the Mediterranean diet, and fertility, could be a game-changer for couples hoping to start a family.

"The Mediterranean diet is consistently ranked among the healthiest diets in the world. But knowing that it may also boost your chances of conceiving and having a baby is extremely promising," Alesi said.

"Modifying your diet is a non-intrusive and affordable strategy that could potentially improve infertility," he said, adding, "Of course, more research needs to be done, but at the very least, shifting to a Mediterranean diet will not only improve your overall health but also your chances of conceiving."