E-cigarettes and marijuana may have harmful effects on the heart similar to those caused by tobacco cigarettes, opening the door to abnormal heart rhythms, according to a study conducted in experimental models.

E-cigarettes and heated tobacco products have become popular because the public perceives them as being less harmful than smoking, the researchers said.

Similarly, legal recreational marijuana has become more common in recent years, and is also frequently viewed by the public as being safer than smoking tobacco, they said.