A new study infers effects of low carbohydrate intake on pregnant women. It states that women who are pregnant or are planning to be should avoid a diets that reduce or eliminate carbohydrates.

According to the new study conducted by the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, low carbohydrate intake could increase the risk of having babies with neural tube birth defects. It found that women with low carbohydrate intake are 30 percent more likely to have babies with neural tube defects, such as spina bifida (malformations of the spine and spinal cord), and anencephaly (absence of major portions of the brain and skull), that can lead to lifelong disability and infant death, when compared with women who do not restrict their carbohydrate intake.

A first to evaluate the relationship between low carbohydrate intake and having children with neural tube defects, the study was led by Tania Desrosiers, PhD, MPH, and research assistant professor of epidemiology at the UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health.

Desrosiers said, “We already know that maternal diet before and during early pregnancy plays a significant role in fetal development. What is new about this study is its suggestion that low carbohydrate intake could increase the risk of having a baby with a neural tube defect by 30 percent. This is concerning because low carbohydrate diets are fairly popular”.

She insisted that the finding reinforces the importance for women who may become pregnant to talk to their health care provider about any special diets or eating behaviors they practice. Folic acid is an essential nutrient that minimizes the risk of neural tube defects. In 1998, Food and Drug Administration required that folic acid be added to enriched grain products.

Desrosiers and her study collaborators found that dietary intake of folic acid among women with restricted carbohydrate intake was less than half of other women. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that all women who may become pregnant take a daily multivitamin with at least 400 micro-grams of folic acid every day before and during pregnancy.

However, because almost half of all pregnancies in America are unplanned, many women do not initiate folic acid supplementation until later in pregnancy, after a neural tube defect may have occurred. This makes fortified foods an important source of folic acid for women who may become pregnant. The study is published in the journal Birth Defects Research.