According to a new study published in the Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, children born to mothers who had COVID-19 during pregnancy may be more likely to develop obesity.

More than 100 million COVID-19 cases have been reported in the United States since 2019, and there is limited information on the long-term health effects of the infection.

Pregnant women make up 9% of reproductive-aged women with COVID-19, and millions of babies will be exposed to maternal infection during fetal development over the next five years.

"Our findings suggest that children exposed in utero to maternal COVID-19 have an altered growth pattern in early life that may increase their risk of obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease over time," said M.D., of Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, Mass, adding, "There is still a lot of research needed to understand the effects of COVID-19 on pregnant women and their children."

The researchers studied 150 infants born to mothers who had COVID-19 during pregnancy and found they had lower birth weight followed by greater weight gain in the first year of life as compared to ~130 babies whose mothers did not have a prenatal infection.

These changes have been associated with an increased risk for obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease in childhood and beyond.

"Our findings emphasise the importance of long-term follow-up of children exposed in utero to maternal COVID-19 infection, as well as widespread implementation of COVID-19 prevention strategies among pregnant individuals," said  M.D., of Massachusetts General Hospital, adding, "Larger studies with longer follow-up duration are needed to confirm these associations."

The other authors of this study are Mollie W. Ockene, Samuel C. Russo, Hang Lee, Takara L. Stanley, Ingrid L. Ma, Mabel Toribio, Lydia L. Shook, and Steven K. Grinspoon of Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; and Carmen Monthe-Dreze of Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School in Boston, Mass.