A recent survey published by the Calcutta Medical Research Institute mentioned that kidney diseases have drastically increased over the years in India, the incidence especially being higher among women and children.

Prevalence of chronic kidney ailments has increased over the years in India, especially in women and children. Most women get jitters if they have to use public toilets as they harbour plenty of germs causing UTI, E. coli, diarrhoea, abdominal cramps, dysentery, cold, throat infection, said a Calcutta Medical Research Institute survey report published on 2^nd April. Not just dirty toilet seats, door handles and faucets are also potent germ carriers in public bathrooms. They are full of bacteria that can cause respiratory and diarrheal illnesses. Subsequently, children are often instructed by their parents to avoid going to public toilets for the fear of contracting diseases.

Even in 21^st century, lack of proper public toilets is still a raging issue in India, particularly for women and children who are more prone to getting infected. Due to lack of such adequate facility, women and children often give in to less and insufficient fluid consumption so that they can evade urination. The habit of holding pee leads to grave consequences like severe urinary infections, bacterial infections that affect the urinary tract. This occurs due to the germs present in urine that have been sitting too long in the bladder.

Apart from the renal failure, there can be various other critical consequences like long term bowel and bladder abnormalities. The other relatively lesser hazards span from development of LUTD (lower urinary tract dysfunction), constipation, voiding difficulty and UTI (urinary tract infection). Apart from short term illness, UTI can cause long term sequelae like kidney scars. The primary cause for such problems can be classifies as: Improper diet which does not include sufficient intake of fruits and green vegetables, insufficient fluid consumption, Inadequate water consumption.

The ideal range is consuming 1.5 litres of water every day for children while women must have minimum 3 litres and holding urine is even more dangerous than not passing it. Recently CK Birla Hospitals - CMRI unearthed the result of their special survey titled ‘Her Toilet Needs’ on Women’s Day. The elaborate survey revealed some shocking statistics of toilet usage pattern among the women and young girls in Kolkata.