Chertin B, et al. - Authors retrospectively assessed all cases of ureterovesical junction (UVJ) obstruction after endoscopic treatment of VUR over the last 5 years utilizing two tissue augmenting substances, with special emphasis on the safety of Vantris. They also conducted a clinical and histological review of these patients. No different ureteral fibrosis or inflammatory changes to the tissue augmenting substances utilized in past and present clinical practice were seen with Vantris injection, hence it was not seen to increase the incidence of UVJ obstruction. The only statistically significant and independent predictive factors for UVJ obstruction following endoscopic correction of VUR were high reflux grade, the presence of obstructive/refluxing megaureter and inflamed bladder mucosa.