Chakhtoura M, Bacha DS, Gharios C, et al. - A reduction in the risk of hip and any fractures was observed following Ca(calcium)/vitamin D (D) supplementation. This is likely driven by findings from institutionalized persons.

• An umbrella review including systematic reviews/meta-analyses (SR/MAs) of trials on vitamin D supplementation for fracture risk reduction in adults.

• In 8/12 SR/MAs, Ca/D decreased the risk of hip fractures (relative risk (RR) 0.61-0.84).

• In 7/11 SR/MAs, Ca/D reduced the risk of any fractures (RR 0.74-0.95).

• Inclusion of different trials, search periods, eligibility criteria, and varying methodology were the reasons for discrepancy in outcomes between SR/MAs.

• Fracture risk was not reduced by vitamin D supplementation alone.