Al-Beltagi M, et al. - Vitamin D was prospectively measured in 196 preterm neonates, 96 of them developed respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), which further subcategorized into three subgroups (subgroup received just conventional therapy, subgroup received conventional therapy plus vitamin D 400 IU/day, and subgroup received conventional therapy plus vitamin D 800 IU/day) in order to examine the status and impacts of vitamin D supplement as adjuvant therapy in the management of RDS in preterm infants. In most preterm babies, a deficiency of 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was noted, particularly in those who developed RDS. Thus, in cases of RDS, the administration of 800 IU/day vitamin D as adjuvant therapy was related to a significant reduction in severity, rate of complications, and duration of hospital stay in preterm neonates with RDS.