Esmeraldo CUP, Martins MEP, Maia ER, et al. - Including 225 mothers and their term newborns, this cross-sectional analysis was undertaken to assess vitamin D serum levels of term newborns as well as to relate them to maternal levels and birth weight. Information was acquired regarding maternal health, prenatal care, gestational, and anthropometric data of the newborns. Serum levels of 25(OH)D, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and alkaline phosphatase were measured. Overall 225 newborns were included, 119 (52.9%) were males. The mean birth weight and the gestational age were 3,198 ± 421.4 g and 39.1 ± 1.1 weeks, respectively. Small and large for gestational age were 20 (8.9%) and 12 (5.3%), respectively. Overall 25.8% of mothers and 92% of newborns had 25(OH)D sufficiency. Findings revealed a strong positive correlation between maternal and neonatal 25(OH)D levels, with higher values in newborns. Small for gestational age term infants exhibited the highest 25(OH)D levels. The possible impact of newborn body composition on these results was speculated.