Li D, et al. - In this case-control study, researchers investigated if the link between meat-derived mutagen exposure and the risk of pancreatic cancer is altered by vitamin C or E consumption. They included patients with pathologically confirmed pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) as well as healthy volunteers (aged 28–88 years). Participants were frequency-matched by age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Overall, 811 patients and 818 controls were included. They noted a link between PDAC risk and intake of well-done grilled or barbecued chicken. Increased PDAC risk was observed in relation to consumption of 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline. An 8% increased risk of PDAC was noted in subjects in the highest vs the lowest quintile of 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (PhIP) intake. An inverse association of both, intakes of total vitamin C or E from food and supplements or from supplements alone, with PDAC risk, was found. The risk of PhIP-related PDAC was alleviated by a high intake of dietary vitamin C or E—a finding is consistent with experimental evidence.