Jonas DE, et al. - This research carried out an appraisal of the evidence on screening for and treatment of amblyopia, its risk factors, and refractive error in children aged 6 months to 5 years, to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force. It was noted that the studies analyzing the effectiveness of the screening did not establish whether vision screening in preschool children was better than no screening. Indirect evidence supported the utility of multiple screening tests for detecting the preschool children at higher risk for vision problems. It also yielded evidence with regard to the effectiveness of certain treatments for improving visual acuity outcomes.