Murphy D, et al. - In this retrospective observational study, the researchers intended to quantify exposure to vapour, gas, dust and fumes (VGDF) and smoking in male rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and examine the impact on rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) levels. Participants were seven hundred twenty-six men followed up between February 2015 and August 2016, fulfilling RA diagnostic criteria. Data reported that VGDF exposure increases RF levels. Findings revealed that combination exposure to smoking and VGDF results in higher RF levels, especially with multiple exposures. This research highlighted the importance of combined inhaled exposures in RF generation.