Sigmund IK, et al. - Assessment of the ability of multiplex PCR (mPCR) to analyse resistance genes directly from clinical samples was done. From patients with orthopedic infections, clinical samples (synovial and sonication fluid) were obtained. Of these, those with identical pathogens were assessed for phenotypical and genotypical resistance by culture and mPCR. They analyzed a total of 94 samples, including 60 sonication fluid and 34 synovial fluid samples. Outcomes revealed overall low sensitivity for detection of antimicrobial resistance by mPCR directly from clinical samples. They indicated false-negative mPCR results mainly in coagulase-negative staphylococci, particularly for oxacillin and rifampin. However, mPCR exhibited high specificity and a positive result reliably predicted antimicrobial resistance. The detection rate may improve with inclusion of universal primers in the PCR test assay but this will require additional sequencing step.