Felker ER, Raman SS, Lu DSK, et al. - The researchers contrasted in a multi-reader manner the diagnostic accuracies of 3-T multiparametric MRI interpretation and serial prostate-specific antigen (PSA) measurement in prognosticating the presence of residual clinically important prostate cancer following focal laser ablation. For low- or intermediate-risk prostate cancer, 18 men underwent focal laser ablation as part of two National Cancer Institute-funded phase 1 clinical trial. Immediately following and 6 and 12 months post focal laser ablation, multiparametric MRI was performed. In 11 of 18 (61%) men, residual clinically important prostate cancer was recognized. A correct classification rate of 61.1% was generated by logistic regression analysis of serial PSA measurements. Both radiologists at 6 months and 12 months made accurate classifications for 16 of 18 men (89%) and 15 of 17 men (88%), respectively, using a multiparametric MRI threshold score of 4 or greater. For T2-weighted imaging, DWI, and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, the interreader agreement was important to outstanding and developed uniformly from 6 to 12 months. AUCs more than 0.90 for each radiologist 6 and 12 months following focal laser ablation was generated by logistic regression analysis of the retrospectively reviewed multiparametric MR images. In conclusion, for prognosticating the presence of residual clinically important prostate cancer, multiparametric MRI 6 and 12 months following focal laser ablation significantly outperformed serial PSA measurements.