Wang K, et al. - Given that hyaluronic acid prevents tissue adhesion following various surgeries, researchers investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the preventive effect of hyaluronic acid against the development of epidural adhesion by performing in vivo and in vitro studies. They examined cross-linked hyaluronic acid gel in the regulation of scar gene expression, the collection of fibroblasts in scar tissue, and the prevention of epidural adhesion in current in vivo investigations. In vitro, they focused on the influence of cross-linked hyaluronic acid gel on the secretion of inflammatory factors. A cell model to identify the target genes in vitro was also used in order to establish the precision and reliability of the in vivo gene expression outcomes. Findings revealed that by inducing inflammatory factors inhibition, such as IL-6, and downregulating TGFβ1 and COL1A1 mRNA expression, the cross-linked hyaluronic acid gel could prevent epidural adhesion.