Mongardon N, et al. - Via a case-control study based on two prospectively acquired cardiac arrest (CA) databases, the usefulness of plasma S-100B protein and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) measurements for early diagnosis of primary neurological cause was assessed in resuscitated CA patients. Despite performing slightly better than NSE, early dosages of S-100B protein were poorly predictive of a cerebrovascular etiology of CA. The results thus do not support early measurement of brain biomarkers in tailoring the imaging strategy used to investigate CA cause.