Saleska JL, et al. - Associations between classes of antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens and risk of preterm birth (PTB: ≤37 completed weeks of gestation) or low birthweight (LBW: <2500 g at birth) among pregnant women in low- and middle-income countries living with HIV-1 were investigated via performing a systematic review of randomized and observational studies. Although ART is beneficial during pregnancy for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), this systematic review indicates substantial variation among ART regimens regarding their association with LBW and PTB. Although challenging, optimization of ART regimens seems valuable for the simultaneous promotion of maternal health, prevention of MTCT, and also minimization of risks of PTB and LBW.