Swerkersson S, et al. - An analysis was performed to examine the evolution of kidney damage over time in small children with urinary tract infection (UTI) and factors correlated with progression of renal damage. The authors revealed that most small children with febrile UTI did not develop renal damage and if they developed, the majority remained unchanged or regress over time. However, up to one-fifth of children with renal damage diagnosed after UTI were at risk of renal deterioration. These children were identified by the presence of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) grades III–V and recurrent febrile UTI and could benefit from follow-up.