Piao XM, et al. - As hematuria is the most common symptom of bladder cancer (BC) but all patients with hematuria are not diagnosed with BC, researchers explored a innovative method for discerning BC from hematuria under non-malignant conditions by measuring differences in urinary cell-free microRNA (miRNA) expression between patients with BC and those with hematuria. This suggested non-invasive diagnostic tool based on the ratio of urinary cell-free miR-6124 to miR-4511 expression proved efficacious and has potential for reducing cystoscopies that aren’t necessary in patients with hematuria undergoing evaluation for BC, with minimal loss in sensitivity for detecting cancer.