Hartwell G, et al. - Researchers performed semi-structured qualitative interviews among current or recent smokers (n = 29) and stop smoking services (SSSs) staff or stakeholders (n = 17) in order to assess factors affecting current and ex-smokers' decisions to use e-cigarettes or behavioral support and to investigate the potential influences of any differences in perspectives between smokers and their local SSSs. In England, varied influences across the 'capability', 'opportunity', 'motivation' and 'behaviour' (COM-B) framework seemed to be the determinants of smokers' decisions to use e-cigarettes and local SSSs. Views about potential risks from e-cigarettes varied between both smokers and SSS professionals, which have pertinence for the provision of behavioral support as well as the uptake of vaping. Often, there appeared overlapping of motivations for using or avoiding e-cigarettes and SSSs: attitudes to both e-cigarettes and nicotine replacement therapy from SSSs often exhibited personal experiences and views on whether switching from smoking to these alternatives designated successful quitting or simply ongoing nicotine addiction. Perceived time requirements seemed to be the largest derterminant of opportunities to use e-cigarettes or SSSs among smokers. Furthermore, interviews with SSS professionals suggested that different e-cigarette policies adopted in individual areas influenced opportunities to access SSSs, for ex-smokers who were now regular vapers.