Karmazyn B, Salama A, Jennings SG, et al. - According to this retrospective study (2001-2020), multiple testicular nodules are common in patients with androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) and are not associated with malignancy. This could result in unneeded excisional biopsies and orchiectomies. As a result, ultrasound (US) screening in children with AIS has limited utility.

• The sample consisted of 13 patients.

• The median age of participants was 9.9 years (range 3.8-18.4 years).

• On either the initial or follow-up US, gonads were found in the inguinal canals in 11 patients.

• Physical examination revealed no palpable nodules, but US revealed nodules in ten testicles in five of 13 patients (41.7%).

• The presence of nodules was found to be significantly related to age.

• The largest nodule size ranged from 0.4 to 2.2 cm (average 0.9 ± 0.5 cm), and the majority (7/10, 70%) were hypoechoic.

• Finding testicular nodules on US resulted in three patients having their management changed: bilateral gonadectomies, unilateral gonadectomy, and gonadal excisional biopsies.

• Pathology revealed Sertoli hamartoma in these patients, as well as two additional patients who had post-puberty gonadectomy.

• There was no evidence of malignancy in any of the specimens.