Finder M, et al. - In this multicenter cohort study of 471 individuals, experts examined the hypothesis that children with mild hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) had worse neurodevelopmental outcomes compared with their healthy peers. Infants with mild HIE (n = 55) vs controls had lower cognitive composite scores. No notable variation in the mean cognitive composite scores between untreated children (n = 47) with mild HIE and surviving children with moderate HIE (n = 53) treated with therapeutic hypothermia was noted. The findings imply that, compared with those of a contemporaneous control group, at age 2 years, the cognitive composite scores of children with a history of mild HIE could be lower and may not be notably distinct from those of survivors of moderate HIE treated with therapeutic hypothermia.