Hurtado MO, Wolbert J, Fisher J, et al. - Considering the previous studies showing the neuroblastoma microenvironment might be permissive to tumor-reactive lymphocytes, researchers conducted the current study to assess the role of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in neuroblastoma by appraising their phenotype and function following ex vivo expansion. The expanded TILs were noted containing a high proportion of atypical lymphocytes and had little evidence of reactivity against the autologous tumor. However, these demonstrated the killing of allogeneic neuroblastoma cell lines. With a GD2-specific second-generation chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), transduction of expanded TILs could be done leading to enhanced neuroblastoma cell cytotoxicity. For the first time, this study conferred reproducible expansion of TILs from pediatric neuroblastoma, the high proportion of innate-like lymphocytes, and the probability for using CAR-TILs therapeutically.