Lagerstedt M, et al. - Researchers evaluated the expressions of Serpin peptidase inhibitor clade A member 1 (Serpin A1, a serine protease inhibitor, which plays a role in the tumorigenesis of various cancer types) in lichen sclerosus (LS), premalignant vulvar lesions, and vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (vSCC) using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and serum analysis and compared Serpin A1 stainings to the tumor markers p53 and p16. In total, they studied 120 samples from 74 patients with IHC for Serpin A1, p53 and p16: 18 normal vulvar skin, 53 LS, 9 premalignant vulvar lesions (dVIN/HSIL) and 40 vSCC samples. Eighty-eight percent of vSCC samples showed tumor cell-specific Serpin A1 overexpression, irrespective of the etiology. An association of Serpin A1 with p53 positivity was observed. Serpin A1-, p53-, or p16-positive vSCC patients displayed no difference in overall survival. For vSCC, findings suggest the potential utility of tumor cell-specific Serpin A1 overexpression as a biomarker.