van Rijswijk J, van Welie N, Dreyer K, et al. - Researchers examined if and how oil-based vs water-based contrast affect pregnancy and live birth rates ≤ 5 years after hysterosalpingography (HSG) in infertile women. They conducted a 5-year follow-up study of a multicenter randomized trial including infertile women with an ovulatory cycle, 18–39 years of age, and having a low risk of tubal pathology. Random assignment was performed of a total of 1,119 women to HSG with oil-based contrast (n = 557) or water-based contrast (n = 562). Outcomes revealed higher ongoing pregnancy and live birth rates after tubal flushing with oil-based contrast during HSG compared with water-based contrast during a 5-year time frame. After HSG with oil-based contrast, there were more pregnancies, which were naturally conceived, and shorter time to ongoing pregnancy.