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Trends in US burden of clostridioides difficile infection and outcomes

New England Journal of Medicine Apr 07, 2020

Guh AY, Mu Y, Winston LG, et al. - Since the efforts to prevent Clostridioides difficile infection continue to expand across the health care spectrum in the United States, researchers described the trends in US burden of clostridioides difficile infection and outcomes. Case and census sampling weights were applied to calculate the national burden of C. difficile infection, first recurrences, hospitalizations, and in-hospital deaths from 2011 through 2017. They characterized health care–associated infections as those with onset in a health care facility or correlated with recent admission to a health care facility; all others were classified as community-associated infections. Weighted random-intercept models with negative binomial distribution and logistic-regression models were applied to adjust for the higher sensitivity of nucleic acid amplification tests as compared with other test types for trend analyses. This study's findings demonstrate that the number of cases of C. difficile infection in the 10 U.S. sites was 15,461 in 2011 (10,177 health care–associated and 5284 community-associated cases) and 15,512 in 2017 (7973 health care–associated and 7539 community-associated cases). It was noted that the estimated national burden of C. difficile infection and associated hospitalizations reduced between 2011 and 2017, owing to a decline in health care–associated infections.

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