Harausz EP, et al. - A systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis on clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes on 975 children from across 18 countries was performed to characterize treatment in children treated for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). According to the findings, children respond favorably to MDR-TB treatment. The high mortality and low treatment success rates among children infected with HIV who were not on antiretroviral treatment (ART) during tuberculosis (TB) treatment shows the significance of testing children with TB for HIV and initiating ART as quickly as time permits. Overall, 78% of patients had a successful treatment outcome after therapy. Treatment was successful in only 56% of children with TB who were infected with HIV and did not receive any antiretroviral treatment during MDR-TB therapy vs 82% of children infected with HIV who received ART during MDR-TB therapy.