Cai J, et al. - This retrospective cohort study was conducted to compare the frequency and cause of treatment abandonment of children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), in China before and after National Insurance scheme for less privileged patients. Factors independently linked to abandonment included standard/high-risk ALL, presence of minimal residual disease at the end of remission induction and low-income economic region. A careful comparison of statistics suggests a reduced rate of treatment abandonment of paediatric ALL patients post National Insurance in China.