Maitland K, Olupot-Olupot P, Kiguli S, et al. – In this study involving 3,196 children, researchers determined the transfusion volume for children with severe anemia in Africa. A total of 1,592 children in the higher-volume group and 1,596 in the lower-volume group received transfusions. In the respective groups, 197 and 300 children received additional transfusions. In the higher-volume and lower-volume groups, 55 and 72 children, respectively, died before 28 days. According to the presence or absence of fever at the screening, this finding masked important heterogeneity in 28-day mortality. Among the 1,943 children without fever, mortality was lower with a transfusion volume of 30 mL/kg than with 20 mL/kg. Among the 1,253 children with fever, mortality was higher with 30 mL/kg vs 20 mL/kg. In all, there was no evident difference between the randomized groups in readmissions, serious adverse events, or hemoglobin recovery at 180 days.