Kushchayeva Y, et al. - In patients with lipodystrophy and insulin receptor (INSR) mutation, researchers investigated thyroid structural abnormalities and evaluated whether insulin, IGF-1 and metreleptin therapy contribute to thyroid growth and neoplasia in this population. In 81 patients with lipodystrophy and 11 with INSR (5 homozygous; 6 heterozygous), thyroid ultrasound characteristics were analyzed. Sixty people took metreleptin in this analysis. Investigators found that children with extreme insulin resistance had a high prevalence of thyroid nodules not related to metreleptin treatment. Patients with homozygous INSR mutation had thyromegaly, a novel phenotypic characteristic of the disease. No differences were found in thyroid ultrasound features in patients treated vs untreated with metreleptin.