Lama DJ, et al. - Experts conducted a 3-dimensional evaluation of perirenal fat volume (PFV) in subjects with nephrolithiasis, presuming that renal calculi could lead to differences in the volume of perirenal fat or alternatively abnormalities in urinary metabolites could be the result of perirenal fat affecting renal metabolism and subsequent stone formation. Results did not suggest any associations between PFV and stone volume or stone density. For both male and female patients with nephrolithiasis, the PFV of calcium oxalate stone-bearing kidneys was noted to be significantly greater than non-stone-bearing kidneys.