Gul A, et al. - Using three-dimensional (3D) imaging analysis techniques, experts sought to provide a literature overview on mandibular midline distraction (MMD). They focused on changes in position and/or morphology of the mandibular condyle and temporomandibular joint (TMJ), skeletal effects, dental effects, soft tissue effects, and biomechanical and masticatory effects, explicitly on the mandible and TMJ, regarding different distractor types. When taking skeletal effects into account, bone-borne distraction seems preferable. Significant dental tipping results from tooth-borne distraction. Seemingly, hybrid distractors combined with parasymphyseal step osteotomy were most stable under functional masticatory loads. During the latency period, the impacts of chewing appeared to be marginal. Results did not report any permanent TMJ symptoms, and little is known about soft tissue effects.