Chen C, Wu Z, Wu Z, et al. - Researchers used a large database, the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, to determine which treatment is beneficial for early-stage first and second primary non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). They assessed patients who had first and second primary NSCLC, and eligibility criteria for inclusion were tumors were pathologically diagnosed as non-small lung cancer and in the early-stage (less than 3 cm and with no lymph node metastasis). Lobectomy, sublobectomy or no surgery were the treatment methods used. In multivariate analysis, independent prognostic factors for long-term survival included age, disease-free time interval, gender, and first and second types of surgery. Findings indicate that a likely beneficial treatment method for patients include lobectomy for the first primary tumor followed by sublobectomy for the second primary tumor. It was observed that there will be no impact of second primary tumor on the natural course for patients diagnosed with a first primary NSCLC, if the disease-free interval exceeds 24 months.