Bhatt GC, et al. - In neonates and children, researchers compared the effectiveness and safety of theophylline or aminophylline for prevention of acute kidney injury (AKI). From 1970 to May 2018, PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar and Cochrane renal group were searched. The meta-analysis finally included 6 trials including 436 term neonates with birth asphyxia receiving a single dose of theophylline. The data presented in this work showed a single dose of prophylactic theophylline helps to prevent AKI/severe renal dysfunction in term neonates with severe birth asphyxia (moderate quality evidence) without raising the risk of complications and without affecting all-cause mortality (very low-quality evidence). In favour of theophylline, a significant difference in the negative fluid balance, increase in GFR and decrease in urinary β2 microglobulin was observed.