Gao Y, et al. – The physicians conducted this work to assess C fiber–mediated changes in bladder sensation and nociception in an animal model of stress induced bladder hyperalgesia and urinary frequency. It was considereed that chronic water avoidance stress (WAS) induced bladder hypersensitivity manifested by earlier voiding with earlier visceromotor reflex appearance. Moreover, chronic stress also improved bladder nociceptive responses. The present study showed WAS leads to increase responses to ice cold water infusion, implying a role of sensitized C–fibers and mechanoreceptors in water avoidance stress–induced bladder dysfunction and hypersensitivity.