Lin CL, et al. - Experts attempted to summarise and appraise the risk stratification and the preventive strategies of hepatitis B virus (HBV) -related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Findings disclosed an extremely high incidence of HCC in HBV hyperendemic areas. The significant risk factors for HCC included male gender, aging, advanced hepatic fibrosis, persistent serum transaminase elevation, specific HBV entry receptor (NTCP) genotype, PM2.5 exposure, HBeAg positivity, HBV genotype C/D/F, high proportion of core promoter mutation, pre-S deletion, high serum levels of HBV DNA and HBsAg, as well as co-infection with HCV, HDV and HIV for HBV patients, left untreated. It was determined that primary prevention of HBV-related HCC could be attained via universal HBV vaccination and anti-viral prophylaxis for high viraemic mothers. Data indicated that the global burden of HBV-related HCC ought to decline over time and even be eliminated in conjunction with HBV cure via the strategies of three-level prevention.