Su X, et al. - In patients with resectable locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), a common malignant head and neck tumor with about 300,000 new cases worldwide per year, researchers examined the oncological effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT), refers to chemotherapy administered before surgery, and its influence on the following surgery. Of the 88 patients registered in this retrospective single-center attended cohort study, 56 patients received upfront radical surgery (non-NCT group) and 32 patients received NCT followed by surgery (NCT group). Compared to upfront surgery, NCT plus surgery could not improve survival. Although the results suggested that NCT could alter the extent of the surgery and would not affect the surgical margins, the conclusion should be made with caution.