Li C, Liang M, Jiang H, et al. - This study was intended to define the long-term prognosis and prognostic factors of DM-associated Pneumomediastinum (PnM). Researchers retrospectively included inpatients with DM-associated PnM from two tertiary referral centres for rheumatic disease. Individuals were classified into survivors or non-survivors. They obtained information about the demographics, clinical manifestations, CT scan features, laboratory findings, and outcomes from their medical records. They applied a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regularized Cox regression model to select the most relevant factors. Independent predictive factors for long-term survival were identified by using a Cox proportional hazards model. They included a total of 62 patients (26 women) with DM-associated PnM [the mean age was 44.3 years (S.D. 11.7)]. The outcomes imply poor overall survival among patients with DM-associated PnM. For long-term survival, survival during the first 3 months is crucial. Meanwhile, the data indicated that the development of fever and a decrease in the number of lymphocytes was correlated with long-term mortality. The outcomes suggested that the early recognition and prompt treatment of this high-risk group of DM individuals are thus important.