Krawczuk-Rybak M, Płonowski M, Leszczyńska E, et al. - Researchers examined 69 adolescents and young adults, leukemia survivors, treated in childhood with different levels of aggressiveness, for the hormonal markers of gonadal function. Further, they analyzed 80 healthy controls (38 men) at a similar age. Leukemia survivors were stratified into standard (SR), intermediate (IR), and high (HR) risk groups. Follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and inhibin B in the whole group, testosterone in males, and E2 and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in females. In comparison to control, males classified into HR group presented higher levels of FSH, LH, lower inhibin B, and normal testosterone; however, males in SR and IR group, had comparable hormonal values relative to the control. Females in all risk groups exhibited comparable levels of FSH, LH, E2, and inhibin B to those noted in control, but these had slightly lowered mean AMH levels. Females displayed a positive correlation between the time interval after the end of treatment and AMH levels. Male leukemia survivors who reported to have undergone more intensive chemotherapy display the symptoms of disturbed spermatogenesis and need to be followed-up in the future. The signs of preterm ovarian insufficiency may develop in women, irrespective of the risk group. Finding emphasize informing the patients regarding the impact of the treatment on gonadal function.