Soualhi A, Rammant E, George G, et al. - There was an increased incidence of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) in certain groups, including increasing age and certain occupations such as seamen in this systematic review. There was a variation in the incidence of UTUC between certain geographical regions. Due to a wide variety of metrics used by the studies identified, the trend of UTUC incidence for gender, race, and calendar time is less clear. There is a need for more studies on the prevalence of UTUC to understand its disease burden.

• Researchers carried out a systematic search identifying 3,506 papers, of which 59 papers were included for qualitative synthesis.

• Data ranging from the years 1943 to 2018 were selected in the studies.

• They conducted a comprehensive qualitative synthesis of the data.

• According to age (higher with increasing age), gender (unclear), race (unclear), calendar time (increased, stable, or decreased according to region), geographical region (higher in Asian countries), occupation (higher in seamen and printers), and other population characteristics, UTUC incidence was generally varied.

• One study only reported prevalence, which exhibited UTUC to have the highest incidence of the rare urogenital cancers in Europe.