Asoglu O, et al. - Researchers examined if successful nonoperative-management of low-rectal-cancer could be achieved with adherence to a total-neoadjuvant-treatment (TNT) protocol followed by observation. In this study, chemoradiotherapy + consolidation-chemotherapy (TNT) were provided to patients with primary, resectable-T3-T4, N0–N1 distal-rectal-adenocarcinoma. Endoscopy, MRI, and FDG-PET/CT were performed during the-TNT-period. The observation-group (OG) included patients with complete-clinical-tumor-regression who underwent endoscopy every two months, MRI every-four-months, and PET/CT every-six-months-after-treatment. Surgery was done on all other patients. Among 60 eligible patients for this study, 39 showed complete-clinical-response(cCR) and were assigned to the OG; local excision was done in six patients, and total mesorectal excision was performed on 15 patients. Results suggest that non-operative management is possible in a high proportion of selected-rectal-cancers with-cCR after neo-adjuvant-therapy avoiding major surgery.