Ichihara E, Harada D, Inoue K, et al. - By retrospectively analyzing medical records of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients managed with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1) antibody monotherapy at 9 institutions between December 2015 and May 2018, researchers examined the link between body mass index (BMI) and the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy in these patients. This study included patients with NSCLCs exhibiting high PD-L1 expression (≥ 50%) who received pembrolizumab as first-line treatment (cohort 1) and NSCLC cases managed with nivolumab/pembrolizumab/atezolizumab as second- or later-line therapy (cohort 2). Overall 513 cases were examined. They found that PFS or OS did not vary significantly between high and low BMI patients in cohort 1 when a BMI cut-off value of 22 kg/m² was used. However, a significantly longer survival was experienced by patients with a high vs low BMI in cohort 2. Overall, a significant link of BMI with the efficacy of ICIs was revealed in patients with NSCLC managed with second- or later-line PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.