Tosatti JAG, Sóter MO, Ferreira CN, et al. - Researchers focused on cytokine levels as well as their ratios in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women vs a healthy control group. They examined 97 women with PCOS and 99 healthy women (controls). Via flow cytometry, the evaluation of plasma cytokines was done. PCOS patients vs the control group were identified to have lower TNF levels, as well as reduced TNF/IL-6, TNF/IL-2, and TNF/IL-4 ratios. PCOS patients vs the control group were found to have lower TNF levels, and reduced TNF/IL-6, TNF/IL-2, and TNF/IL-4 ratios. These findings are suggestive of an imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, with prominent counter-regulatory cytokine generation. The likely importance of these alterations was suggested in explaining the phenotypes present in PCOS as well as to direct better interventions for patients suffering from this syndrome.